The middle ages was a time of poverty and the social status was the aristocrats(rich), middle class working people and , the poor.
The main export of this era was their art it was mainly revolved around their religion mainly Christianity to help bring the style of their art culture forward. Since this era was filled with poverty a lot not many people could afford to pay for paint unless they were really rich.
The renaissance marked the close of the middle ages and gave way to the beginning of the modern world, the rebirth of culture from the 14th to 17th century the early renaissance began in Italy, it then extended/ matured in northern Europe.
The main changes that this era brought was the change in the art style, mainly a lot of portraits containing realism, this was a way of breathing life back into the artwork to make it seem a lot like it was right in front of you and you had witnessed every expression, movement everything. Leonardo Di Vinci was famous for his art from this era, including all the legends surrounding his work, the only form of animation in this time was the different changes in the movement of limbs, these were drawn in different poses to understand how your body moves.
( below the last supper and the Mona Lisa) what you notice about his work is the use of light and linear perspective.
His work was mainly to do with balance. But other artists of this era had to be able to capture the person or scene from their sight and put on to paper without confusing people.
But like all renaissance art it was mainly revolved around religion.
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